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MammalBase - Accepted taxon: Manis tricuspis

Accepted taxon: Manis tricuspis


Accepted taxon: Manis tricuspis
Taxon: Manis tricuspis
Rank: Species
Higher Classification: PHOLIDOTA | Manidae | Manis | Phataginus
Reference: Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), JHU Press, 2005.

Fig.1 - Ternary plot of the proximate analysis for the Manis tricuspis diet.
CF (Crude Fibre) 4, ASH (Ash contents) 3, NFE (Nitrogen-Free-Extract) 35, CP (Crude Protein) 33, EE (Ether Extract) 25. See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15. [DOI]


Table 1. List of Diet Items for Manis tricuspis.
TSN Complete name Part Ratio a. Reference(s)
Termitidae WHOLE 40.48 Damuth, J…
Formicidae WHOLE 33.33 Damuth, J…
Nasutitermes WHOLE 14.29 Grzimek,B…
Microcerotermes WHOLE 11.90 Grzimek,B…

a. Standardized values. See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15. [DOI]


Table 2. List of Standard Traits for Manis tricuspis.
Trait Selected Value All Value(s) Reference(s)
Dietary category: Eisenberg 1981 Insectivore Insectivore – Brian K. McNab, 1986, 'The Influence of Food Habits on the Energetics of Eutherian Mammals', Ecological Monographs, vol. 56, no. 1, p. 1
Dietary category: Miljutin 2009 Animalivore Animalivore – Brian K. McNab, 1986, 'The Influence of Food Habits on the Energetics of Eutherian Mammals', Ecological Monographs, vol. 56, no. 1, p. 1

Table 3. List of Standard Measurements for Manis tricuspis.
Measurement Location Unit n Total n Unknown n Female n Male Min Mean Max SD Reference(s)
Body Mass (BM) different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 g 5 - - 5 570 720 960 0 Morenikej…
Body Mass (BM) nan g 8 - 8 - - 1,020 - - Nelson, A…
Body Mass (BM) different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 g 12 - - 12 1,190 1,930 2,600 1 Morenikej…
Body Mass (BM) North‐central and South‐western Nigeria g 8 - 8 - 1,400 1,600 1,900 0 Morenikej…
Body Mass (BM) nan g - - - - 1,000 - 3,000 - Freudenth…
Body Mass (BM) different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 g 4 - 4 - 720 910 1,080 0 Morenikej…
Body Mass (BM) nan g 1 1 - - - 3,401.94 - - Engelman,…
Body Mass (BM) nan g 9 - - 9 - 1,270 - - Nelson, A…
Body Mass (BM) North‐central and South‐western Nigeria g 12 - - 12 1,200 1,900 2,600 1 Morenikej…
Body Mass (BM) different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 g 8 - 8 - 1,390 1,600 1,890 0 Morenikej…
Forearm Length (FA) different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 mm 5 - - 5 74 87.8 110 1 Morenikej…
Forearm Length (FA) different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 mm 12 - - 12 92 117.8 150 2 Morenikej…
Forearm Length (FA) different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 mm 4 - 4 - 90 95 100 0 Morenikej…
Forearm Length (FA) different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 mm 8 - 8 - 76 98.9 125 2 Morenikej…
Head-Body Length (HBL) different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 mm 5 - - 5 231 264.2 305 3 Morenikej…
Head-Body Length (HBL) nan mm 8 - 8 - - 337 - - Nelson, A…
Head-Body Length (HBL) nan mm - - - - - 428 - - Engelman,…
Head-Body Length (HBL) different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 mm 12 - - 12 310 407.8 459 5 Morenikej…
Head-Body Length (HBL) different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 mm 4 - 4 - 265 301.5 350 4 Morenikej…
Head-Body Length (HBL) nan mm 9 - - 9 - 392 - - Nelson, A…
Head-Body Length (HBL) North‐central and South‐western Nigeria mm 12 - - 12 310 408 459 4 Morenikej…
Head-Body Length (HBL) North‐central and South‐western Nigeria mm 8 - 8 - 341 381 421 4 Morenikej…
Head-Body Length (HBL) different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 mm 8 - 8 - 341 380.6 421 4 Morenikej…
Occipital condyle width (OCW) nan mm 1 1 - - - 21.41 - - Engelman,…
Tail Length (TL) North‐central and South‐western Nigeria mm 12 - - 12 470 555 635 5 Morenikej…
Tail Length (TL) North‐central and South‐western Nigeria mm 8 - 8 - 502 521 535 1 Morenikej…
Tail Length (TL) different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 mm 4 - 4 - 390 421.5 490 5 Morenikej…
Tail Length (TL) different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 mm 8 - 8 - 502 520.5 535 1 Morenikej…
Tail Length (TL) different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 mm 5 - - 5 312 353.2 422 4 Morenikej…
Tail Length (TL) different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 mm 12 - - 12 470 555.3 635 6 Morenikej…
Total Length (ToL) different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 mm 4 - 4 - 670 698 740 3 Morenikej…
Total Length (ToL) North‐central and South‐western Nigeria mm 12 - - 12 780 966 1,115 10 Morenikej…
Total Length (ToL) different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 mm 8 - 8 - 852 901.1 950 4 Morenikej…
Total Length (ToL) different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 mm 5 - - 5 543 617.4 727 7 Morenikej…
Total Length (ToL) North‐central and South‐western Nigeria mm 8 - 8 - 852 901 950 4 Morenikej…
Total Length (ToL) different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 mm 12 - - 12 780 965.7 1,115 10 Morenikej…

Table 4. List of other Measurements b. for Manis tricuspis.
Measurement Location Unit n Total n Unknown n Female n Male Min Mean Max SD Reference(s)
Body circumference (BC) North‐central and South‐western Nigeria cm 12 - - 12 23 27 30 2 Morenikej…
Body circumference (BC) North‐central and South‐western Nigeria cm 8 - 8 - 20 26 30 3 Morenikej…
Body Circumference (BC): Measured around the middle of the stomach area different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 cm 12 - - 12 23 27 30 2 Morenikej…
Body Circumference (BC): Measured around the middle of the stomach area different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 cm 8 - 8 - 20 25 30 3 Morenikej…
Body Circumference (BC): Measured around the middle of the stomach area different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 cm 5 - - 5 19 20 23 1 Morenikej…
Body Circumference (BC): Measured around the middle of the stomach area different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 cm 4 - 4 - 22 23 24 1 Morenikej…
Forelimb length (FLL) North‐central and South‐western Nigeria cm 12 - - 12 9 12 15 2 Morenikej…
Forelimb length (FLL) North‐central and South‐western Nigeria cm 8 - 8 - 8 10 13 2 Morenikej…
Head length (HL) North‐central and South‐western Nigeria cm 12 - - 12 6 9 13 2 Morenikej…
Head length (HL) North‐central and South‐western Nigeria cm 8 - 8 - 7 9 11 2 Morenikej…
Head Length (HL): From the upper commissure of the nostrils to the nape different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 cm 12 - - 12 6 9 13 2 Morenikej…
Head Length (HL): From the upper commissure of the nostrils to the nape different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 cm 8 - 8 - 7 9 11 2 Morenikej…
Head Length (HL): From the upper commissure of the nostrils to the nape different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 cm 5 - - 5 5 8 10 2 Morenikej…
Head Length (HL): From the upper commissure of the nostrils to the nape different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 cm 4 - 4 - 6 6 8 1 Morenikej…
Hindlimb length (HLL) North‐central and South‐western Nigeria cm 12 - - 12 11 14 17 2 Morenikej…
Hindlimb length (HLL) North‐central and South‐western Nigeria cm 8 - 8 - 8 12 14 2 Morenikej…
Hindlimb Length (HLL): Measured from the hip joint to the distal end of the footpad on the longest digit/claw of the longest toe different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 cm 12 - - 12 11 14 17 2 Morenikej…
Hindlimb Length (HLL): Measured from the hip joint to the distal end of the footpad on the longest digit/claw of the longest toe different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 cm 8 - 8 - 8 12 14 2 Morenikej…
Hindlimb Length (HLL): Measured from the hip joint to the distal end of the footpad on the longest digit/claw of the longest toe different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 cm 5 - - 5 9 10 13 2 Morenikej…
Hindlimb Length (HLL): Measured from the hip joint to the distal end of the footpad on the longest digit/claw of the longest toe different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 cm 4 - 4 - 10 11 12 1 Morenikej…
Neck circumference (NC) North‐central and South‐western Nigeria cm 12 - - 12 13 15 17 1 Morenikej…
Neck circumference (NC) North‐central and South‐western Nigeria cm 8 - 8 - 14 15 15 0 Morenikej…
Neck Circumference (NC): Measured not too tightly around the caudal portion of the neck different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 cm 12 - - 12 13 15 17 1 Morenikej…
Neck Circumference (NC): Measured not too tightly around the caudal portion of the neck different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 cm 8 - 8 - 14 15 15 0 Morenikej…
Neck Circumference (NC): Measured not too tightly around the caudal portion of the neck different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 cm 5 - - 5 11 13 15 1 Morenikej…
Neck Circumference (NC): Measured not too tightly around the caudal portion of the neck different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 cm 4 - 4 - 13 14 14 0 Morenikej…
Rectal Temperature (RT) North‐central and South‐western Nigeria °C 11 - - 11 32 33 34 1 Morenikej…
Rectal Temperature (RT) North‐central and South‐western Nigeria °C 8 - 8 - 32 33 34 1 Morenikej…
Rectal Temperature (RT): Use of digital thermometer which is inserted into the anus with care to avoid the perianal pouch different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 C 12 - - 12 32 33 34 1 Morenikej…
Rectal Temperature (RT): Use of digital thermometer which is inserted into the anus with care to avoid the perianal pouch different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 C 8 - 8 - 32 33 34 1 Morenikej…
Rectal Temperature (RT): Use of digital thermometer which is inserted into the anus with care to avoid the perianal pouch different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 C 5 - - 5 32 33 34 1 Morenikej…
Rectal Temperature (RT): Use of digital thermometer which is inserted into the anus with care to avoid the perianal pouch different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 C 4 - 4 - 32 33 34 1 Morenikej…
Shoulder circumference (SC) North‐central and South‐western Nigeria cm 12 - - 12 24 26 31 2 Morenikej…
Shoulder circumference (SC) North‐central and South‐western Nigeria cm 8 - 8 - 23 24 26 1 Morenikej…
Shoulder Circumference (SC): Measured with a tape closely around the chest “immediately behind the forelegs different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 cm 12 - - 12 24 26 31 2 Morenikej…
Shoulder Circumference (SC): Measured with a tape closely around the chest “immediately behind the forelegs different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 cm 8 - 8 - 23 24 26 1 Morenikej…
Shoulder Circumference (SC): Measured with a tape closely around the chest “immediately behind the forelegs different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 cm 5 - - 5 18 19 21 1 Morenikej…
Shoulder Circumference (SC): Measured with a tape closely around the chest “immediately behind the forelegs different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 cm 4 - 4 - 20 21 22 1 Morenikej…
Snout length (SL) North‐central and South‐western Nigeria cm 12 - - 12 3 4 5 1 Morenikej…
Snout length (SL) North‐central and South‐western Nigeria cm 8 - 8 - 3 4 5 1 Morenikej…
Snout Length (SL): From the tip of the nose to the ocular area of the head different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 cm 12 - - 12 3 4 5 1 Morenikej…
Snout Length (SL): From the tip of the nose to the ocular area of the head different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 cm 8 - 8 - 3 4 5 1 Morenikej…
Snout Length (SL): From the tip of the nose to the ocular area of the head different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 cm 5 - - 5 2 3 4 1 Morenikej…
Snout Length (SL): From the tip of the nose to the ocular area of the head different climate zones across Nigeria between October 2020 and February 2022 cm 4 - 4 - 3 3 3 0 Morenikej…
brainmass nan g - - - - - 9 - - Engelman,…
skull_length nan mm - - - - - 91 - - Engelman,…
BMR (kJ/h) nan kJ/h - - - - - 18 - - McNab, B.…
neck length nan mm - - - - - 26 - - Nelson, A…
BMR,mlO2/h nan mlO2/h 1 1 - - - 831 - - Genoud, M…

b. other Measurements. Source Measurements which are not listed on or mapped with the Standard Traits..


Table 5. List of Data Sources for Manis tricuspis.
Taxon Reference Match Status
Manis tricuspis McNab,B. K., 1986, The influence of food habits on the energetics of eutherian mammals, Ecological Monographs 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Manis tricuspis Damuth, J. 2010. ABSOLUT 6 a mammalian database compiled by the national center for ecological analysis and synthesis (NCEAS ) workshop on mammalian communities. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Manis tricuspis Grzimek,B., 2003, Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia: Mammals I-V, 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Phataginus tricuspis Morenikeji, O.A., Omotosho, O.O., Jarikre, T.A., Emikpe, B.O., Fawole, E.O., Adeyefa, A. and Olapade, B.B., 2022. Morphometric characterisation of white-bellied pangolins rescued from trade for conservation in Nigeria. Emerging Animal Species, 1, p.100018. 2: Genus, Species = Master Subgenus, species Verified - Accepted
Phataginus tricuspis Engelman, R.K., 2022. Occipital condyle width (OCW) is a highly accurate predictor of body mass in therian mammals. BMC biology, 20(1), p.37. 2: Genus, Species = Master Subgenus, species Verified - Accepted
Manis tricuspis McNab, B.K., 2008. An analysis of the factors that influence the level and scaling of mammalian BMR. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 151(1), pp.5-28. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Phataginus tricuspis Nelson, A., Engelman, R.K. and Croft, D.A., 2023. How to weigh a fossil mammal? South American notoungulates as a case study for estimating body mass in extinct clades. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 30(3), pp.773-809. 2: Genus, Species = Master Subgenus, species Verified - Accepted
Manis tricuspis Genoud, M., Isler, K. and Martin, R.D., 2018. Comparative analyses of basal rate of metabolism in mammals: data selection does matter. Biological Reviews, 93(1), pp.404-438. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Manis tricuspis Freudenthal, M. and Martín-Suárez, E., 2013. Estimating body mass of fossil rodents. Scripta Geologica, 145, pp.1-513. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Phataginus tricuspis Beaudrot, L., Acevedo, M.A., Gorczynski, D. and Harris, N.C., 2024. Geographic differences in body size distributions underlie food web connectance of tropical forest mammals. Scientific Reports, 14(1), pp.1-10. 2: Genus, Species = Master Subgenus, species Verified - Accepted
Phataginus tricuspis Rowan, J., Beaudrot, L., Franklin, J., Reed, K.E., Smail, I.E., Zamora, A. and Kamilar, J.M., 2020. Geographically divergent evolutionary and ecological legacies shape mammal biodiversity in the global tropics and subtropics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(3), pp.1559-1565. 2: Genus, Species = Master Subgenus, species Verified - Accepted

Citation for this page: [The MammalBase community 2026. / CC BY 4.0. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7462864 Manis tricuspis , Accessed 16th April 2026 at https://mammalbase.net/me/13783]