MammalBase - Accepted taxon: Rhinoceros unicornis

Accepted taxon: Rhinoceros unicornis
Taxon:	Rhinoceros unicornis
Rank:	Species
Higher Classification:	PERISSODACTYLA \| Rhinocerotidae \| Rhinoceros
Reference:	Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), JHU Press, 2005.

Fig.1 - Ternary plot of the proximate analysis for the Rhinoceros unicornis diet.
CF (Crude Fibre) 26, ASH (Ash contents) 8, NFE (Nitrogen-Free-Extract) 52, CP (Crude Protein) 11, EE (Ether Extract) 3. See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15. [DOI]

Table 1. List of Diet Items for Rhinoceros unicornis.
TSN Complete name	Part	Ratio ^a.	Reference(s)
Poaceae	STEM	36.95	Grzimek,B…
Saccharum	STEM	17.78	Grzimek,B…
Magnoliopsida	LEAF	15.62	Grzimek,B…
Magnoliopsida	STEM	10.48	Grzimek,B…
Magnoliopsida	SHOOT	8.89	Grzimek,B…
Magnoliopsida	FRUIT	7.24	Grzimek,B…
Euphorbiaceae	FRUIT	1.78	Grzimek,B…
Lilianae	STEM	1.27	Nowak,R. …

^a. Standardized values. See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15. [DOI]

Table 2. List of Standard Traits for Rhinoceros unicornis.
Trait	Selected Value	All Value(s)	Reference(s)
Dietary category: Eisenberg 1981	Herbivore-Mixed feeder	Herbivore-Mixed feeder	– Abraham, J.O., Upham, N.S., Damian-Serrano, A. and Jesmer, B.R., 2022. Evolutionary causes and consequences of ungulate migration. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 6(7), pp.998-1006., M. Mendoza, P. Palmqvist, 2008, 'Hypsodonty in ungulates: an adaptation for grass consumption or for foraging in open habitat?', Journal of Zoology, vol. 274, no. 2, pp. 134-142, Marcus Clauss, Janin Gehrke, Jean-Michel Hatt, Ellen S. Dierenfeld, Edmund J. Flach, Robert Hermes, Johanna Castell, W. Juergen Streich, Joerns Fickel, 2005, 'Tannin-binding salivary proteins in three captive rhinoceros species', Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, vol. 140, no. 1, pp. 67-72
Dietary category: Miljutin 2009	Herbivore	Herbivore	– Abraham, J.O., Upham, N.S., Damian-Serrano, A. and Jesmer, B.R., 2022. Evolutionary causes and consequences of ungulate migration. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 6(7), pp.998-1006., M. Mendoza, P. Palmqvist, 2008, 'Hypsodonty in ungulates: an adaptation for grass consumption or for foraging in open habitat?', Journal of Zoology, vol. 274, no. 2, pp. 134-142, Marcus Clauss, Janin Gehrke, Jean-Michel Hatt, Ellen S. Dierenfeld, Edmund J. Flach, Robert Hermes, Johanna Castell, W. Juergen Streich, Joerns Fickel, 2005, 'Tannin-binding salivary proteins in three captive rhinoceros species', Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, vol. 140, no. 1, pp. 67-72

Table 3. List of Standard Measurements for Rhinoceros unicornis.
Measurement	Location	Unit	n Total	n Unknown	n Female	n Male	Min	Mean	Max	SD	Reference(s)
Body Mass (BM)	nan	g	-	-	-	-	1,410,000	-	3,000,000	-	Freudenth…

Table 4. List of other Measurements ^b. for Rhinoceros unicornis.
Measurement	Location	Unit	n Total	n Unknown	n Female	n Male	Min	Mean	Max	SD	Reference(s)
average ungulate dietary grass fraction (proportional)	nan	unitless	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	Abraham, …
femur circumference	nan	mm	-	-	-	-	-	231	-	-	Nelson, A…
femur diameter	nan	mm	-	-	-	-	-	79	-	-	Nelson, A…
humerus circumference	nan	mm	-	-	-	-	-	236	-	-	Nelson, A…
humerus diameter	nan	mm	-	-	-	-	-	72	-	-	Nelson, A…

^b. other Measurements. Source Measurements which are not listed on or mapped with the Standard Traits..

Table 5. List of Data Sources for Rhinoceros unicornis.
Taxon	Reference	Match	Status
Rhinoceros unicornis	Clauss,M., 2005, Tannin-binding salivary proteins in three captive rhinoceros species, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology-Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Rhinoceros unicornis	Mendoza,M., 2008, Hypsodonty in ungulates: an adaptation for grass consumption or for foraging in open habitat?, Journal of zoology	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Rhinoceros unicornis	Nowak,R. M., 1991, Walker's mammals of the world,	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Rhinoceros unicornis	Grzimek,B., 2003, Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia: Mammals I-V,	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Rhinoceros unicornis	Nowak,R. M., 1991, Walker's mammals of the world,	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Rhinoceros unicornis	Abraham, J.O., Upham, N.S., Damian-Serrano, A. and Jesmer, B.R., 2022. Evolutionary causes and consequences of ungulate migration. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 6(7), pp.998-1006.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Rhinoceros unicornis	Lundgren, E.J., Schowanek, S.D., Rowan, J., Middleton, O., Pedersen, R.Ø., Wallach, A.D., Ramp, D., Davis, M., Sandom, C.J. and Svenning, J.C., 2021. Functional traits of the world’s late Quaternary large-bodied avian and mammalian herbivores. Scientific data, 8(1), p.17.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Rhinoceros unicornis	Nelson, A., Engelman, R.K. and Croft, D.A., 2023. How to weigh a fossil mammal? South American notoungulates as a case study for estimating body mass in extinct clades. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 30(3), pp.773-809.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Rhinoceros unicornis	Freudenthal, M. and Martín-Suárez, E., 2013. Estimating body mass of fossil rodents. Scripta Geologica, 145, pp.1-513.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Rhinoceros unicornis	Rowan, J., Beaudrot, L., Franklin, J., Reed, K.E., Smail, I.E., Zamora, A. and Kamilar, J.M., 2020. Geographically divergent evolutionary and ecological legacies shape mammal biodiversity in the global tropics and subtropics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(3), pp.1559-1565.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted

Citation for this page: [The MammalBase community 2026. / CC BY 4.0. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7462864 Rhinoceros unicornis , Accessed 30th April 2026 at https://mammalbase.net/me/15383]