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MammalBase - Accepted taxon: Odocoileus hemionus

Accepted taxon: Odocoileus hemionus


Accepted taxon: Odocoileus hemionus
Taxon: Odocoileus hemionus
Rank: Species
Higher Classification: ARTIODACTYLA | Cervidae | Capreolinae | Odocoileus
Reference: Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), JHU Press, 2005.

Fig.1 - Ternary plot of the proximate analysis for the Odocoileus hemionus diet.
CF (Crude Fibre) 23, ASH (Ash contents) 8, NFE (Nitrogen-Free-Extract) 53, CP (Crude Protein) 12, EE (Ether Extract) 4. See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15. [DOI]


Table 1. List of Diet Items for Odocoileus hemionus.
TSN Complete name Part Ratio a. Reference(s)
Poaceae STEM 22.86 Damuth, J…
Magnoliopsida LEAF 22.34 Damuth, J…
Magnoliopsida STEM 20.00 Damuth, J…
Magnoliopsida SHOOT 12.73 Damuth, J…
Pseudotsuga STEM 3.07 Grzimek,B…
Fungi SHOOT 2.60 Damuth, J…
Thuja plicata STEM 2.02 Grzimek,B…
Rubus FRUIT 1.90 Grzimek,B…
Ascomycota SHOOT 1.55 Damuth, J…
Tsuga heterophylla STEM 1.52 Grzimek,B…
Vaccinium FRUIT 1.26 Grzimek,B…
Gaultheria shallon STEM 1.20 Grzimek,B…
Rubus spectabilis FRUIT 1.20 Grzimek,B…
Blechnum spicant SHOOT 1.01 Grzimek,B…
Rubus parviflorus FRUIT 1.00 Grzimek,B…
Rubus glaucus FRUIT 0.90 Grzimek,B…
Pteridium aquilinum SHOOT 0.90 Grzimek,B…
Cornus FRUIT 0.76 Grzimek,B…
Salix STEM 0.60 Grzimek,B…
Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium SHOOT 0.30 Grzimek,B…
Equisetophyta SHOOT 0.20 Grzimek,B…
Anaphalis SHOOT 0.10 Grzimek,B…

a. Standardized values. See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15. [DOI]


Table 2. List of Standard Traits for Odocoileus hemionus.
Trait Selected Value All Value(s) Reference(s)
Dietary category: Eisenberg 1981 Herbivore-Browser Herbivore-Browser, Herbivore-Mixed feeder – A. Mysterud, 2000, 'The relationship between ecological segregation and sexual body size dimorphism in large herbivores', Oecologia, vol. 124, no. 1, pp. 40-54, Abraham, J.O., Upham, N.S., Damian-Serrano, A. and Jesmer, B.R., 2022. Evolutionary causes and consequences of ungulate migration. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 6(7), pp.998-1006., Loison,A., 1999, What factors shape sexual size dimorphism in ungulates?, Evolutionary Ecology Research, M. Mendoza, P. Palmqvist, 2008, 'Hypsodonty in ungulates: an adaptation for grass consumption or for foraging in open habitat?', Journal of Zoology, vol. 274, no. 2, pp. 134-142, Marcus Clauss, Matthias Lechner-Doll, Juergen Streich, 2002, 'Faecal particle size distribution in captive wild ruminants: an approach to the browser/grazer dichotomy from the other end', Oecologia, vol. 131, no. 3, pp. 343-349, Quibod, M., Gélin, U., van Langevelde, F., Tomlinson, K. 2023. Diet-specific responses of skull traits to aridity gradients in bovids and cervids. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. None(None), pp.None. Available at: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad068.
Dietary category: Miljutin 2009 Herbivore Herbivore – A. Mysterud, 2000, 'The relationship between ecological segregation and sexual body size dimorphism in large herbivores', Oecologia, vol. 124, no. 1, pp. 40-54, Abraham, J.O., Upham, N.S., Damian-Serrano, A. and Jesmer, B.R., 2022. Evolutionary causes and consequences of ungulate migration. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 6(7), pp.998-1006., Loison,A., 1999, What factors shape sexual size dimorphism in ungulates?, Evolutionary Ecology Research, M. Mendoza, P. Palmqvist, 2008, 'Hypsodonty in ungulates: an adaptation for grass consumption or for foraging in open habitat?', Journal of Zoology, vol. 274, no. 2, pp. 134-142, Marcus Clauss, Matthias Lechner-Doll, Juergen Streich, 2002, 'Faecal particle size distribution in captive wild ruminants: an approach to the browser/grazer dichotomy from the other end', Oecologia, vol. 131, no. 3, pp. 343-349, Quibod, M., Gélin, U., van Langevelde, F., Tomlinson, K. 2023. Diet-specific responses of skull traits to aridity gradients in bovids and cervids. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. None(None), pp.None. Available at: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad068.

Table 3. List of Standard Measurements for Odocoileus hemionus.
Measurement Location Unit n Total n Unknown n Female n Male Min Mean Max SD Reference(s)
Body Mass (BM) nan g - - - - - 70,780 - - Wimberly,…
Body Mass (BM) nan g - - - - 31,800 - 215,000 - Freudenth…
Body Mass (BM) nan g 10 10 - - - 58,497.54 - - Engelman,…
Head-Body Length (HBL) nan mm 4 4 - - - 1,321.25 - - Engelman,…
Occipital condyle width (OCW) nan mm 10 10 - - - 50.57 - - Engelman,…

Table 4. List of other Measurements b. for Odocoileus hemionus.
Measurement Location Unit n Total n Unknown n Female n Male Min Mean Max SD Reference(s)
Length of the Masseteric Fossa cm 7 7 - - - 12 - - Quibod, M…
Muzzle Width cm 7 7 - - - 4 - - Quibod, M…
Total Length of the Skull cm 7 7 - - - 27 - - Quibod, M…
brainmass nan g - - - - - 189 - - Engelman,…
skull_length nan mm - - - - - 270 - - Engelman,…
A1-MLL (maximum lateral length of the astragalus) nan mm 4 4 - - 41 43 44 2 Wimberly,…
A2-MML (maximum medial length of the astragalus) nan mm 4 4 - - 37 40 41 2 Wimberly,…
A3-MIN (minimal length of the astragalus) nan mm 4 4 - - 32 33 35 1 Wimberly,…
A4-WAT (width at tarsus of the astragalus) nan mm 4 4 - - 26 28 30 2 Wimberly,…
A5-WAF (width at trochlea of the astragalus) nan mm 4 4 - - 24 25 27 1 Wimberly,…
C1-UL (greatest length of the calcaneus) nan mm 4 4 - - 93 97 104 5 Wimberly,…
C2-TL (length of body of the calcaneus) nan mm 4 4 - - 64 68 74 4 Wimberly,…
C3-MBH (midbody height of the calcaneus) nan mm 4 4 - - 23 24 26 1 Wimberly,…
C4-MBTV (midbody transverse width of the calcaneus) nan mm 4 4 - - 9 10 12 1 Wimberly,…
C5-FFL (fibular facet length of the calcaneus) nan mm 4 4 - - 18 19 20 1 Wimberly,…
C6-CNFL (cubonavicular facet length of the calcaneus) nan mm 4 4 - - 22 23 25 1 Wimberly,…
C7-HSF (height of sustentacular facet of the calcaneus) nan mm 4 4 - - 15 17 18 1 Wimberly,…
C8-HST (height of sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus) nan mm 4 4 - - 24 28 31 3 Wimberly,…
F1-UL (full length of the femur) nan mm 4 4 - - 252 276 292 21 Wimberly,…
F2-FL (functional length of the femur) nan mm 4 4 - - 241 263 276 20 Wimberly,…
F3-MCF (midshaft circumference of the femur) nan mm 4 4 - - 67 74 83 8 Wimberly,…
F4-PW (proximal width of the femur) nan mm 4 4 - - 61 65 69 4 Wimberly,…
F5-MLHW (mediolateral femoral head of the femur) nan mm 4 4 - - 35 37 39 2 Wimberly,…
F6-APHW (anteroposterior femoral head of the femur) nan mm 4 4 - - 26 27 29 2 Wimberly,…
F7-DW (distal width of the femur) nan mm 4 4 - - 52 56 59 4 Wimberly,…
F8-MPL (medial condyle and patellar lip of the femur) nan mm 4 4 - - 65 70 76 6 Wimberly,…
F9-LPL (lateral condyle and patellar lip of the femur) nan mm 4 4 - - 56 60 63 4 Wimberly,…
H1-UL (full length of the humerus) nan mm 4 4 - - 210 228 246 19 Wimberly,…
H2-FL (functional length of the humerus) nan mm 4 4 - - 191 210 226 19 Wimberly,…
H3-MCF (midshaft circumference of the humerus) nan mm 4 4 - - 66 77 93 12 Wimberly,…
H4-MTH (largest medial height of trochlea of the humerus) nan mm 4 4 - - 28 29 31 1 Wimberly,…
H5-MidTH (smallest height of trochlea of the humerus) nan mm 4 4 - - 20 22 24 2 Wimberly,…
H6-LTH (largest lateral height of trochlea of the humerus) nan mm 4 4 - - 23 25 27 2 Wimberly,…
H7-PW (proximal width of the humerus) nan mm 4 4 - - 50 54 60 5 Wimberly,…
H8-MLH (mediolateral humeral head width of the humerus) nan mm 4 4 - - 39 43 50 5 Wimberly,…
H9-DW (distal width of the humerus) nan mm 4 4 - - 39 43 47 4 Wimberly,…
MC1-UL (length of the metacarpus) nan mm 4 4 - - 194 205 223 13 Wimberly,…
MC2-MAP (anteroposterior midshaft of the metacarpus) nan mm 4 4 - - 16 17 20 2 Wimberly,…
MC3-MML (mediolateral midshaft of the metacarpus) nan mm 4 4 - - 16 18 21 2 Wimberly,…
MC4-DW (distal width of the metacarpus) nan mm 4 4 - - 29 32 36 3 Wimberly,…
MC5-PW (proximal width of the metacarpus) nan mm 4 4 - - 30 32 35 2 Wimberly,…
MT1-UL (length of the metatarsus) nan mm 4 4 - - 233 246 265 13 Wimberly,…
MT2-MAP (anteroposterior midshaft of the metatarsus) nan mm 4 4 - - 18 21 23 2 Wimberly,…
MT3-MML (mediolateral midshaft of the metatarsus) nan mm 4 4 - - 17 18 20 2 Wimberly,…
MT4-DW (distal width of the metatarsus) nan mm 4 4 - - 31 34 38 3 Wimberly,…
MT5-PW (proximal width of the metatarsus) nan mm 4 4 - - 27 30 34 3 Wimberly,…
R1-UL (length of the radius) nan mm 4 4 - - 213 226 241 15 Wimberly,…
R2-PW (full proximal width of the radius) nan mm 4 4 - - 36 40 44 3 Wimberly,…
R3-NPW (width of humeral articular surface of the radius) nan mm 4 4 - - 35 38 41 3 Wimberly,…
R4-DW (distal width of the radius) nan mm 4 4 - - 35 38 42 3 Wimberly,…
S1-L (full length of the scapula) nan mm 4 4 - - 184 211 237 22 Wimberly,…
S2-GW (greatest cranio-caudal length of the scapula) nan mm 4 4 - - 117 132 149 16 Wimberly,…
S3-SW (shortest length of scapular neck of the scapula) nan mm 4 4 - - 24 26 28 2 Wimberly,…
S4-GH (anteroposterior glenoid fossa of the scapula) nan mm 4 4 - - 34 36 39 2 Wimberly,…
S5-GW (mediolateral glenoid fossa of the scapula) nan mm 4 4 - - 28 32 36 4 Wimberly,…
T1-L (full length of the tibia) nan mm 4 4 - - 279 304 328 26 Wimberly,…
T2-MCF (midshaft circumference of the tibia) nan mm 4 4 - - 66 72 82 7 Wimberly,…
T3-PW (proximal width of the tibia) nan mm 4 4 - - 56 59 65 4 Wimberly,…
T4-DW (distal width of the tibia) nan mm 4 4 - - 36 38 40 2 Wimberly,…
U1-UL (length of the ulna) nan mm 4 4 - - 264 284 307 22 Wimberly,…
U2-OPL (olecranon process length of the ulna) nan mm 4 4 - - 51 55 62 5 Wimberly,…
average ungulate dietary grass fraction (proportional) nan unitless - - - - - 0 - - Abraham, …
femur diameter nan mm - - - - - 22 - - Nelson, A…
humerus diameter nan mm - - - - - 24 - - Nelson, A…
neck length nan mm - - - - - 317 - - Nelson, A…

b. other Measurements. Source Measurements which are not listed on or mapped with the Standard Traits..


Table 5. List of Data Sources for Odocoileus hemionus.
Taxon Reference Match Status
Odocoileus hemionus Mysterud,Atle, 2000, The Relationship between Ecological Segregation and Sexual Body Size Dimorphism in Large Herbivores, Oecologia 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Odocoileus hemionus Loison,A., 1999, What factors shape sexual size dimorphism in ungulates?, Evolutionary Ecology Research 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Odocoileus hemionus Clauss,M., 2002, Faecal particle size distribution in captive wild ruminants: an approach to the browser/grazer dichotomy from the other end, Oecologia 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Odocoileus hemionus Mendoza,M., 2008, Hypsodonty in ungulates: an adaptation for grass consumption or for foraging in open habitat?, Journal of zoology 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Odocoileus hemionus Damuth, J. 2010. ABSOLUT 6 a mammalian database compiled by the national center for ecological analysis and synthesis (NCEAS ) workshop on mammalian communities. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Odocoileus hemionus Reid,F., 2006, Peterson field guide to mammals of North America, 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Odocoileus hemionus Nowak,R. M., 1991, Walker's mammals of the world, 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Odocoileus hemionus Grzimek,B., 2003, Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia: Mammals I-V, 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Odocoileus hemionus Nowak,R. M., 1991, Walker's mammals of the world, 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Odocoileus hemionus Quibod, M.N.R.M., Gélin, U., van Langevelde, F. and Tomlinson, K.W., 2023. Diet-specific responses of skull traits to aridity gradients in bovids and cervids. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, p.zlad068. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Odocoileus hemionus Engelman, R.K., 2022. Occipital condyle width (OCW) is a highly accurate predictor of body mass in therian mammals. BMC biology, 20(1), p.37. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Odocoileus hemionus DeMers, A.C., 2023. Functional Significance of the Mandible, Tooth Roots, and Tooth Crowns, and their Implications for Fossil Dietary Inference (Doctoral dissertation, The Ohio State University). 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Odocoileus hemionus Wimberly, A.N., 2023. Predicting body mass in Ruminantia using postcranial measurements. Journal of Morphology, 284(10), p.e21636. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Odocoileus hemionus Abraham, J.O., Upham, N.S., Damian-Serrano, A. and Jesmer, B.R., 2022. Evolutionary causes and consequences of ungulate migration. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 6(7), pp.998-1006. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Odocoileus hemionus Lundgren, E.J., Schowanek, S.D., Rowan, J., Middleton, O., Pedersen, R.Ø., Wallach, A.D., Ramp, D., Davis, M., Sandom, C.J. and Svenning, J.C., 2021. Functional traits of the world’s late Quaternary large-bodied avian and mammalian herbivores. Scientific data, 8(1), p.17. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Odocoileus hemionus Nelson, A., Engelman, R.K. and Croft, D.A., 2023. How to weigh a fossil mammal? South American notoungulates as a case study for estimating body mass in extinct clades. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 30(3), pp.773-809. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Odocoileus hemionus Freudenthal, M. and Martín-Suárez, E., 2013. Estimating body mass of fossil rodents. Scripta Geologica, 145, pp.1-513. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted

Citation for this page: [The MammalBase community 2026. / CC BY 4.0. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7462864 Odocoileus hemionus , Accessed 30th April 2026 at https://mammalbase.net/me/15613]