Accepted taxon: Tragelaphus spekii
| Taxon: | Tragelaphus spekii |
|---|---|
| Rank: | Species |
| Higher Classification: | ARTIODACTYLA | Bovidae | Bovinae | Tragelaphus |
| Reference: | Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), JHU Press, 2005. |
Fig.1 - Ternary plot of the proximate analysis for the Tragelaphus spekii diet.
CF (Crude Fibre) 26, ASH (Ash contents) 10, NFE (Nitrogen-Free-Extract) 48, CP (Crude Protein) 14, EE (Ether Extract) 2.
See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets.
Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15.
[DOI]
| TSN Complete name | Part | Ratio a. | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Phragmites | STEM | 45.00 | Damuth, J… |
| Cyperaceae | LEAF | 31.67 | Damuth, J… |
| Magnoliopsida | LEAF | 10.00 | Damuth, J… |
| Poaceae | STEM | 8.33 | Nowak,R. … |
| Magnoliopsida | FRUIT | 5.00 | Damuth, J… |
a. Standardized values. See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15. [DOI]
| Trait | Selected Value | All Value(s) | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary category: Eisenberg 1981 | Herbivore-Mixed feeder | Herbivore-Browser, Herbivore-Mixed feeder | – Abraham, J.O., Upham, N.S., Damian-Serrano, A. and Jesmer, B.R., 2022. Evolutionary causes and consequences of ungulate migration. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 6(7), pp.998-1006., I. J. Gordon, A. W. Illius, 1988, 'Incisor Arcade Structure and Diet Selection in Ruminants', Functional Ecology, vol. 2, no. 1, p. 15, Loison,A., 1999, What factors shape sexual size dimorphism in ungulates?, Evolutionary Ecology Research, M. Clauss, R. R. Hofmann, W. J. Streich, J. Fickel, J. Hummel, 2009, 'Convergence in the macroscopic anatomy of the reticulum in wild ruminant species of different feeding types and a new resulting hypothesis on reticular function', Journal of Zoology, vol. 281, no. 1, pp. 26-38, M. Mendoza, P. Palmqvist, 2008, 'Hypsodonty in ungulates: an adaptation for grass consumption or for foraging in open habitat?', Journal of Zoology, vol. 274, no. 2, pp. 134-142, Marcus Clauss, Matthias Lechner-Doll, Juergen Streich, 2002, 'Faecal particle size distribution in captive wild ruminants: an approach to the browser/grazer dichotomy from the other end', Oecologia, vol. 131, no. 3, pp. 343-349, Quibod, M., Gélin, U., van Langevelde, F., Tomlinson, K. 2023. Diet-specific responses of skull traits to aridity gradients in bovids and cervids. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. None(None), pp.None. Available at: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad068. |
| Dietary category: Miljutin 2009 | Herbivore | Herbivore | – Abraham, J.O., Upham, N.S., Damian-Serrano, A. and Jesmer, B.R., 2022. Evolutionary causes and consequences of ungulate migration. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 6(7), pp.998-1006., I. J. Gordon, A. W. Illius, 1988, 'Incisor Arcade Structure and Diet Selection in Ruminants', Functional Ecology, vol. 2, no. 1, p. 15, Loison,A., 1999, What factors shape sexual size dimorphism in ungulates?, Evolutionary Ecology Research, M. Clauss, R. R. Hofmann, W. J. Streich, J. Fickel, J. Hummel, 2009, 'Convergence in the macroscopic anatomy of the reticulum in wild ruminant species of different feeding types and a new resulting hypothesis on reticular function', Journal of Zoology, vol. 281, no. 1, pp. 26-38, M. Mendoza, P. Palmqvist, 2008, 'Hypsodonty in ungulates: an adaptation for grass consumption or for foraging in open habitat?', Journal of Zoology, vol. 274, no. 2, pp. 134-142, Marcus Clauss, Matthias Lechner-Doll, Juergen Streich, 2002, 'Faecal particle size distribution in captive wild ruminants: an approach to the browser/grazer dichotomy from the other end', Oecologia, vol. 131, no. 3, pp. 343-349, Quibod, M., Gélin, U., van Langevelde, F., Tomlinson, K. 2023. Diet-specific responses of skull traits to aridity gradients in bovids and cervids. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. None(None), pp.None. Available at: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad068. |
| Measurement | Location | Unit | n Total | n Unknown | n Female | n Male | Min | Mean | Max | SD | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Mass (BM) | nan | g | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 95,740 | - | - | Engelman,… |
| Body Mass (BM) | nan | g | - | - | - | - | - | 88,510 | - | - | Wimberly,… |
| Body Mass (BM) | nan | g | - | - | - | - | 40,000 | - | 130,000 | - | Freudenth… |
| Head-Body Length (HBL) | nan | mm | - | - | - | - | - | 1,565 | - | - | Engelman,… |
| Occipital condyle width (OCW) | nan | mm | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 69.12 | - | - | Engelman,… |
| Measurement | Location | Unit | n Total | n Unknown | n Female | n Male | Min | Mean | Max | SD | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Length of the Masseteric Fossa | cm | 7 | 7 | - | - | - | 12 | - | - | Quibod, M… | |
| Muzzle Width | cm | 7 | 7 | - | - | - | 4 | - | - | Quibod, M… | |
| Total Length of the Skull | cm | 7 | 7 | - | - | - | 28 | - | - | Quibod, M… | |
| brainmass | nan | g | - | - | - | - | - | 145 | - | - | Engelman,… |
| skull_length | nan | mm | - | - | - | - | - | 292 | - | - | Engelman,… |
| average ungulate dietary grass fraction (proportional) | nan | unitless | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | Abraham, … |
| A1-MLL (maximum lateral length of the astragalus) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 34 | 43 | 47 | 6 | Wimberly,… |
| A2-MML (maximum medial length of the astragalus) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 32 | 40 | 45 | 5 | Wimberly,… |
| A3-MIN (minimal length of the astragalus) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 27 | 34 | 38 | 4 | Wimberly,… |
| A4-WAT (width at tarsus of the astragalus) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 21 | 25 | 28 | 3 | Wimberly,… |
| A5-WAF (width at trochlea of the astragalus) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 18 | 23 | 25 | 3 | Wimberly,… |
| C1-UL (greatest length of the calcaneus) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 70 | 87 | 98 | 12 | Wimberly,… |
| C2-TL (length of body of the calcaneus) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 46 | 57 | 64 | 8 | Wimberly,… |
| C3-MBH (midbody height of the calcaneus) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 17 | 23 | 27 | 4 | Wimberly,… |
| C4-MBTV (midbody transverse width of the calcaneus) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 9 | 11 | 12 | 1 | Wimberly,… |
| C5-FFL (fibular facet length of the calcaneus) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 14 | 16 | 19 | 2 | Wimberly,… |
| C6-CNFL (cubonavicular facet length of the calcaneus) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 17 | 21 | 25 | 3 | Wimberly,… |
| C7-HSF (height of sustentacular facet of the calcaneus) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 13 | 16 | 18 | 2 | Wimberly,… |
| C8-HST (height of sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 22 | 26 | 29 | 3 | Wimberly,… |
| F1-UL (full length of the femur) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 207 | 271 | 307 | 43 | Wimberly,… |
| F2-FL (functional length of the femur) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 201 | 261 | 297 | 41 | Wimberly,… |
| F3-MCF (midshaft circumference of the femur) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 54 | 74 | 90 | 15 | Wimberly,… |
| F4-PW (proximal width of the femur) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 46 | 57 | 63 | 8 | Wimberly,… |
| F5-MLHW (mediolateral femoral head of the femur) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 28 | 34 | 38 | 4 | Wimberly,… |
| F6-APHW (anteroposterior femoral head of the femur) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 21 | 27 | 31 | 4 | Wimberly,… |
| F7-DW (distal width of the femur) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 41 | 51 | 56 | 6 | Wimberly,… |
| F8-MPL (medial condyle and patellar lip of the femur) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 54 | 66 | 75 | 9 | Wimberly,… |
| F9-LPL (lateral condyle and patellar lip of the femur) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 48 | 59 | 67 | 8 | Wimberly,… |
| H1-UL (full length of the humerus) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 161 | 220 | 249 | 37 | Wimberly,… |
| H2-FL (functional length of the humerus) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 148 | 202 | 228 | 34 | Wimberly,… |
| H3-MCF (midshaft circumference of the humerus) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 49 | 73 | 90 | 16 | Wimberly,… |
| H4-MTH (largest medial height of trochlea of the humerus) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 20 | 26 | 29 | 4 | Wimberly,… |
| H5-MidTH (smallest height of trochlea of the humerus) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 15 | 19 | 22 | 3 | Wimberly,… |
| H6-LTH (largest lateral height of trochlea of the humerus) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 18 | 22 | 24 | 3 | Wimberly,… |
| H7-PW (proximal width of the humerus) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 36 | 47 | 54 | 8 | Wimberly,… |
| H8-MLH (mediolateral humeral head width of the humerus) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 29 | 37 | 45 | 6 | Wimberly,… |
| H9-DW (distal width of the humerus) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 32 | 39 | 46 | 6 | Wimberly,… |
| MC1-UL (length of the metacarpus) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 167 | 197 | 216 | 19 | Wimberly,… |
| MC2-MAP (anteroposterior midshaft of the metacarpus) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 12 | 16 | 18 | 2 | Wimberly,… |
| MC3-MML (mediolateral midshaft of the metacarpus) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 13 | 17 | 21 | 3 | Wimberly,… |
| MC4-DW (distal width of the metacarpus) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 21 | 28 | 31 | 4 | Wimberly,… |
| MC5-PW (proximal width of the metacarpus) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 24 | 29 | 32 | 4 | Wimberly,… |
| MT1-UL (length of the metatarsus) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 174 | 213 | 234 | 24 | Wimberly,… |
| MT2-MAP (anteroposterior midshaft of the metatarsus) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 14 | 18 | 20 | 3 | Wimberly,… |
| MT3-MML (mediolateral midshaft of the metatarsus) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 13 | 18 | 22 | 3 | Wimberly,… |
| MT4-DW (distal width of the metatarsus) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 22 | 30 | 34 | 5 | Wimberly,… |
| MT5-PW (proximal width of the metatarsus) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 23 | 29 | 32 | 4 | Wimberly,… |
| R1-UL (length of the radius) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 166 | 211 | 236 | 29 | Wimberly,… |
| R2-PW (full proximal width of the radius) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 31 | 38 | 44 | 5 | Wimberly,… |
| R3-NPW (width of humeral articular surface of the radius) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 29 | 36 | 41 | 5 | Wimberly,… |
| R4-DW (distal width of the radius) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 27 | 35 | 39 | 5 | Wimberly,… |
| S1-L (full length of the scapula) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 158 | 204 | 230 | 32 | Wimberly,… |
| S2-GW (greatest cranio-caudal length of the scapula) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 95 | 116 | 134 | 15 | Wimberly,… |
| S3-SW (shortest length of scapular neck of the scapula) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 16 | 25 | 32 | 7 | Wimberly,… |
| S4-GH (anteroposterior glenoid fossa of the scapula) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 24 | 32 | 39 | 6 | Wimberly,… |
| S5-GW (mediolateral glenoid fossa of the scapula) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 21 | 29 | 33 | 6 | Wimberly,… |
| T1-L (full length of the tibia) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 237 | 312 | 350 | 48 | Wimberly,… |
| T2-MCF (midshaft circumference of the tibia) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 55 | 72 | 84 | 11 | Wimberly,… |
| T3-PW (proximal width of the tibia) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 47 | 56 | 62 | 6 | Wimberly,… |
| T4-DW (distal width of the tibia) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 29 | 34 | 38 | 4 | Wimberly,… |
| U1-UL (length of the ulna) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 204 | 262 | 295 | 38 | Wimberly,… |
| U2-OPL (olecranon process length of the ulna) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | 35 | 45 | 51 | 8 | Wimberly,… |
| femur circumference | nan | mm | - | - | - | - | - | 75 | - | - | Nelson, A… |
| femur diameter | nan | mm | - | - | - | - | - | 25 | - | - | Nelson, A… |
| humerus circumference | nan | mm | - | - | - | - | - | 68 | - | - | Nelson, A… |
| humerus diameter | nan | mm | - | - | - | - | - | 23 | - | - | Nelson, A… |
b. other Measurements. Source Measurements which are not listed on or mapped with the Standard Traits..
Citation for this page: [The MammalBase community 2026. / CC BY 4.0. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7462864 Tragelaphus spekii , Accessed 16th April 2026 at https://mammalbase.net/me/16032]